Improvement in fire-proof buildings



J. J. SCHILLINGER. Flre -Proof Building.

' Patented Oct. 28,1879.

lNo. 221,107.

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' UNITED STATES PrrrEN'r OFFICE.

JOHN J. soHILLINGEaoF NEW YORK, N. Y.

IMPROVEMENT IN FIRE-PROOF BUILDINGS.

Specification forming part of Letters 'Patent No. 221,107, dated October 28, 1879" application filed J une 5, 1879.

ings, in which- Figure 1 represents a vertical section in a plane at right; angles to the side walls. of the building. Fig. 2 is a similar section of the roof in a plane parallel to the side walls, and

on a larger scale than the previous figure.

Similar letters indicate corresponding parts. The invention consists, iirst, in the combination, in a building7 of a roof composed of a continuous arch formed of a composition of coal-ashes, plaster-of-paris, and lime, or simi` lar composition, and a top layer of hydraulic cement, with tie-rods connecting the walls of the building, rods connecting the arch, and tie-rods for giving additional supports to said tie-rods, and a ceiling supported by the latter; second, in a novel construction of ceiling and floor, in which the ceiling is composed of an arch formed of a composition, as above described, and having a leveled covering or lilling, upon which is laid a layer of tar-paper or bitumen surniounted by a oor of hydraulic concrete. In the drawings, the letters A A designate the side walls of abuilding, which may be twenty feet (more or less) apart. These side walls support the roof .13, fwhich consist-s of a continuous arch, a, extending from one side wall to the other, and from the front to the rear of the building. This arch is made of a composition of coal-ashes, cinders, coke, plaster-paris, and lime, or of any other material of a similar nature; and it is made by rst-securing between the side walls, A A, a suitable shell of wood, then -casting the composition on this shell, and, finally, removing the shell when the composition has set. For a buildin g twenty feet wide the arch a ought-to have a rise of about eighteen inches, and its thickness at the skew-backs ought to be about five inches, and in the center about four inches. After the arch a has set it is covered by a layer, l', of hydraulic cement, and the upper surface thereof is painted over with-bitumen, so as to exclude moisture?. Said layer bis about one inch in thickness throughout, except at its junctions with the side walls, Where its thickness is considerably increased, as shown in Fig. 1, and it is formed so as to form' gutn ters to carry oft the water. VDirectly beneath the arch a are tierods.c, which extend through the side walls, A A, andare connected to the arch at suitable intervals by wires d. These tierods are about half an inch thick, and placed about two feet apart. They serve to support the ceiling e, which is formed of cement and plaster-paris, or any other suitable composition. Between the ceiling and the arch a is an air-space, so as to prevent heat or cold from penetrating too freely from the roof down into the room beneath the ceiling e.

The iioor C is composed of a layer, f, of hy draulic cement, which extends from side Wall to side wall, and is about one inch in thickness at its sides, and about two and a half inches thick in the middle. This thick middle section of the cement layer f rests directly upon a continuous arch, g, which is :made in the same manner as the arch' a, and the side parts of which are covered by tillin gs h, of coke and cement or other suitable material, which llings form thesupports for the thin side sections of the cement layer f. With this floor are combined tie-rods t', which extend through the side walls, A A, the fillings h, and the .thick central section of the cement layer f, so

that they are entirely concealed. The arch g may form the ceiling of the room below. Be-

tween the layer j', the fillings h, and the arch g may be placed a layer of tar-paper or bitu- -men, or both, to prevent water from passing through. y

By these means strong, light, and durable lire-proof roofs, ceilings, and oors can be con= structed with great economy.

I am aware of the patents of Thaddeus Hyatt, granted July 16, 1878, and numbered 206,112, and July 23, 1878, numbered 206,332 and 206,333, and am also aware of thebook entitled An Account of some Experiments with Portland Cement and Concrete Combined with Iron as a Building Material, published the arch and tie-rods, and the ceiling supin 1877 in London, and do not claim anything ported by the latter, all substantially as dedescribed in said patents or book.

What I claim as new, und desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

The combination, in a roof for buildings, of :i continuons composition arch extending from one side wall to another, si layer ot' hydraulic cement, covering said arch, and tie-rods connecting the walls, and supports connecting scribed.

In testimony whereof I 11a-ve hereunto set my hand and seal this 31st day of Mey, 1879.

JOHN J. SCHILLINGER. fL. s.] W'itnesses:

W. HAUFF, E. F. KASTENHUBER. 

